BERI BERI CHILD DISEASE

BERI BERI(बैरी-बैरी)

बैरी-बैरी जल में घुलनशील विटामिन बी-कमप्लैक्स (थियामिन-Thiamine) की कमी से होता है।

प्रकार (Types)

1. नम बैरी-बैरी (Wet beri)

2. शुष्क बैरी-बैरी (Dry beri)

एक वर्ष की आयु में शिशुओं में इस रोग को puerile beri कहते हैं।

नम बैरी-बैरी (Wet beri) के नैदानिक लक्षण

1. भूख न लगना

2. हाथ व टाँगों में गुदगुदी (shivering) और सुन्नपन (deadness)

3. पेशियों का दुर्बल होना और चलने-फिरने में कठिनाई होना।

4. टाँगों का शोफ (Oedema of legs)

5. हृदय का बढ़ जाना (Heart broadening)

6. हृदय धड़कना (palpitation), श्वास कष्ट (shortness of breath)शुष्क बैरी-बैरी (Dry beri) के नैदानिक लक्षण

भूख कम लगना
सुन्नपन (Deadness)
पेशियों का कमजोर होना तथा श्वास कष्ट

शिशु बैरी-बैरी (Puerile beri) के लक्षण

वर्निकीज एनसैफेलोपैथी (Wernicke's encephalopathy)

पॉलीनूराइटिस (Polyneuritis)

गतिविभ्रम (Ataxia)

मानसिक विघटन (Mental weakening)

ऑफ्थेल्मोप्लेजिया (Ophthalmoplegia)

एंकिल और घुटने के जर्क (jerk) न होना।

BERI BERI(बैरी-बैरी)

रोकथाम (Anticipation)

लोगों को संतुलित भोजन की शिक्षा देना जिसमें थियामिन (thiamine) अधिकता के भोज्य पदार्थ अधिक हों जैसे-(चावल) ।

थियामिन विटामिन की न्यूनतापूरक मात्रा (supplement portion) उच्च सम्भावना समूहों, जैसे-स्तन पान कराने वाली माताओं, में देना।

 ठंड के कारण होने वाली बीमारियाँ 

जबकि ठंड का मौसम सीधे तौर पर बीमारियों का कारण नहीं बनता है, यह ऐसी परिस्थितियाँ पैदा कर सकता है जो कुछ बीमारियों के फैलने में सहायक होती हैं और ठंड के प्रति शरीर की प्रतिक्रिया के कारण कुछ स्वास्थ्य समस्याओं को भी ट्रिगर कर सकती हैं। यहाँ कुछ उदाहरण दिए गए हैं:

संक्रामक रोग:

श्वसन संबंधी बीमारियाँ: ठंडा तापमान आपकी नाक और गले में श्लेष्म झिल्ली को सुखा सकता है और जलन पैदा कर सकता है, जिससे वे वायरस और बैक्टीरिया द्वारा संक्रमण के प्रति अधिक संवेदनशील हो जाते हैं जो सामान्य सर्दी, फ्लू और निमोनिया का कारण बनते हैं। राइनोवायरस, सामान्य सर्दी के पीछे मुख्य अपराधी, ठंडे तापमान और कम आर्द्रता में पनपते हैं।

राइनोवायरस

मेनिनजाइटिस: मस्तिष्क और रीढ़ की हड्डी के आस-पास की झिल्लियों का यह गंभीर संक्रमण सर्दियों में अधिक आम हो सकता है, हालाँकि इसका सटीक कारण पूरी तरह से समझा नहीं गया है। कुछ विशेषज्ञों का मानना ​​है कि ठंडा मौसम प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को कमजोर कर सकता है, जिससे लोग संक्रमण के प्रति अधिक संवेदनशील हो जाते हैं।

ठंड से संबंधित बीमारियाँ:

हाइपोथर्मिया:

यह तब होता है जब आपका शरीर गर्मी को जितनी तेज़ी से पैदा कर सकता है, उससे कहीं ज़्यादा तेज़ी से खो देता है, जिससे शरीर का तापमान खतरनाक रूप से कम हो जाता है। यदि समय रहते इसका उपचार न किया जाए तो हाइपोथर्मिया जानलेवा हो सकता है।

शीतदंश:

यह त्वचा और अंतर्निहित ऊतकों के जम जाने के कारण होने वाली स्थानीय चोट है। यह सबसे अधिक उंगलियों, पैर की उंगलियों, नाक, कान और गालों को प्रभावित करता है।

चिलब्लेन्स:

ये खुजली वाले, लाल और कभी-कभी दर्दनाक उभार होते हैं जो लंबे समय तक ठंडे तापमान के संपर्क में रहने पर हाथों और पैरों पर विकसित हो सकते हैं।

ट्रेंच फ़ुट:

यह स्थिति लंबे समय तक ठंडे, नम वातावरण के संपर्क में रहने के कारण होती है और इससे पैरों और टाँगों में गंभीर दर्द, सूजन और यहाँ तक कि ऊतक मृत्यु भी हो सकती है।

अन्य स्वास्थ्य समस्याएँ:

दिल का दौरा: ठंडा मौसम आपके रक्तचाप और हृदय गति को बढ़ा सकता है, जिससे आपको दिल का दौरा पड़ने का अधिक जोखिम हो सकता है।

स्ट्रोक: ठंड के मौसम में स्ट्रोक का जोखिम भी अधिक हो सकता है, संभवतः हृदय और रक्त वाहिकाओं पर बढ़े हुए दबाव के कारण।

यह याद रखना महत्वपूर्ण है कि हर कोई अलग होता है और ठंडे तापमान पर अलग-अलग तरीके से प्रतिक्रिया करेगा। कुछ लोग स्वाभाविक रूप से दूसरों की तुलना में ठंड से संबंधित बीमारियों के प्रति अधिक संवेदनशील होते हैं। उम्र, समग्र स्वास्थ्य और अंतर्निहित चिकित्सा स्थितियाँ जैसे कारक सभी भूमिका निभा सकते हैं। ठंड के मौसम में स्वस्थ रहने के लिए यहाँ कुछ सुझाव दिए गए हैं: गर्म कपड़े पहनें। बाहर जाते समय टोपी और दस्ताने पहनें। सूखे रहें। ठंड के मौसम में ज़ोरदार गतिविधि से बचें। स्वस्थ आहार लें और पर्याप्त नींद लें। यदि आपको कोई अंतर्निहित चिकित्सा स्थिति है, तो ठंड के मौसम में सुरक्षित रहने के तरीके के बारे में अपने डॉक्टर से बात करें। इन सावधानियों को अपनाकर, आप ठंड से संबंधित बीमारियों के विकास के अपने जोखिम को कम करने में मदद कर सकते हैं और पूरे सर्दियों में स्वस्थ रह सकते हैं। ठंड के मौसम में स्वस्थ रहने के लिए यहाँ कुछ सुझाव दिए गए हैं:

Tuberculosis (TB) in children

Tuberculosis

साधारण विचार-रोग-बीजाणु यक्ष्मा के कारण बाजरे के दाने की तरह फुंसियाँ टायफायड फेफड़े- यक्ष्मा से ग्रंथि-प्रदाह-आन्त्र क्षय-आँतों में क्षयरोग फेफड़ों में क्षयरोग फेफड़े का पुराना क्षयरोग ।

साधारण विचार - बचपन में साधारण क्षयरोग उसके फेफड़ों में क्षयरोग के बीजाणुओं के जमा होने से नहीं होता। बच्चे के शरीर के हर अंग और तंतु में यक्ष्मारोग की प्रवणता रहती है, ऊपरी तौर पर इसका निदान निकालना बहुत ही कठिन है। जब क्षयरोग बच्चे के शरीर में प्रविष्ट हो जाता है तो उसके फेफड़े, मस्तिष्क, स्थानीय ग्रंथियों, चमड़ा तथा हृदय आक्रान्त हो जाते हैं। ऐसे स्थलों में निदान जानना सहज है, किन्तु मध्यान्त्र ग्रन्थियों, फेफड़ों के भीतरी झिल्लियों, अन्त्रावरक झिल्लियों, आँतों, यकृत, प्लीहा और गुद्दों में क्षयरोग हो जाने पर निदान निकालना बहुत ही कठिन हो जाता है।

शिशु के बचपन में साधारण क्षयरोग प्रायः नहीं होता अर्थात् बच्चे के जीवन के प्रथम कुछ महीनों में; किन्तु दूसरी ओर दूसरे या तीसरे साल ऐसे क्षयरोग का आक्रमण हो सकता है। पेरिस के अस्पतालों के बच्चों के विभाग में २१ प्रतिशत बच्चे इसी क्षयरोग से मर जाते हैं और अन्य बड़े-बड़े नगरों में बच्चे के प्रथम पाँच वर्षों के भीतर मृत्यु-संख्या काफी होती है।

इस विषय में माता-पिता से क्षयरोग का संक्रमण नहीं माना जाता। प्राचीन समय में जैसा समझा जाता था, वैसा आजकल माता-पिता से बच्चों में संक्रमण स्वीकृत नहीं है। बच्चे के शरीर की प्रकृति ही वैसे रोगाक्रमण का कारण माना जाता है। किसी भी कारण से उसके शरीर में वैसे कठिन रोग का संक्रमण हो सकता है। इसका भेद जानना बहुत ही आवश्यक कार्य है। जहाँ पेट में बच्चा रहते समय माता का यक्ष्मा- रोग अत्यन्त बढ़ गया हो, वहाँ वह पैतृक समझा जा सकता है। यह एक देखने की बात है कि कितनी स्त्रियाँ स्वस्थ बच्चों को जानती हैं? जो जीवन भर स्वस्थ रहते हैं।

कुछ ग्रन्थकार विरोध प्रकट करते हैं और कहते हैं कि वैसा विष बच्चों के शरीर में माता के द्वारा प्रविष्ट हो जाता है। किन्तु वह जीवन के सन्धि- स्थल में आने तक निष्क्रिय रहता है, जैसे कि यौवन काल या स्त्रियों के लिए बच्चा जनने का समय, जब कि वह रोग बढ़ जाता है। किन्तु सौभाग्य से मनुष्य के परिवार में यक्ष्मा रोगाक्रान्त, माता-पिता से उत्पन्न होकर भी बच्चे अच्छा स्वास्थ्य और दीर्घजीवन प्राप्त करते हैं, यदि वे स्वास्थ्यकर वातावरण में पालित होते हैं। अन्तिम जीवन में भी वे वैसे रोगः की वृद्धि की प्रवणता से मुक्त रहते हैं।

रोग का संक्रमण, टीका, चोट, रगड़ अथवा घाव के जरिये यक्ष्मा- रोग के बीजाणु दूसरे के शरीर में प्रविष्ट हो जाते हैं, टीका के द्वारा तो सीधे रोग पहुँच जाता है। यक्ष्मा-रोगी जहाँ थूकते हैं, वह थूक सूख जाने पर वहाँ के रोग-बीजाणु हवा में फैल जाते हैं। इस विचार को अधिक बढ़ाने की आवश्यकता नहीं है, क्योंकि प्रायः सर्वत्र छोटे बच्चों से लेकर बूढ़ों तक में साँस के द्वारा रोग-संक्रमण के अनेक प्रमाण मिले हैं। खास- कर जिन बच्चों या उमरदार आदमियों में यक्ष्मा-रोग बढ़ चुका है, उनके सामने रहने से छोटे-छोटे बच्चों में यह रोग संक्रमित हो जाता है।

ऐसा रोग-संक्रमण खाद्य के द्वारा भी होता है और आजकल यह सिद्धांत स्वीकृत हो चुका है कि दूध के द्वारा छोटे बच्चों में यक्ष्मा-रोग के बीजाणु पहुँच जाते हैं। परीक्षा से जाना गया है कि दूध देने वाले पशुओं *में यक्ष्मा के बीजाणु व्यापक रूप से रहते हैं। यहाँ तक कि मनुष्य या पशु किसी के भी फेफड़ों में जब यह रोग स्थायी हो जाता है तो उनके दूध से वे बीजाणु बच्चों के शरीर में प्रविष्ट हो जाते हैं। अणुवीक्षण यन्त्र या जाँच की नली से निश्चित रूप से जाना गया है कि दूध के द्वारा रोग- संक्रमण एक साधारण बात है। 'पूर्वी प्रदेशों के दुग्धशालाओं के पशुओं में १० या १५ प्रतिशत पशु इस रोग से ग्रसित रहते हैं, यह बात डा० ओस्लर ने प्रमाणित की है। इस कारण बहुत ही सावधानी से दूध देने वाली गायों की परीक्षा पहले से ही कर लेनी चाहिए। बहुत-सी गायों से दूध लेना उचित नहीं है, क्योंकि उनमें २-१ रोगाक्रान्त भी हो सकती हैं। यदि दुग्धशाला की एक भी गाय यक्ष्मा-रोग से ग्रसित हो तो वहाँ का सारा दूध दूषित हो जाता है। बहुत-सी दुग्धशालाओं में सुखण्डी रोगाक्रान्त ज्वर से ग्रसित या यक्ष्मा रोग बीजाणु से भरी हुई १-२ गाय अवश्य रहती हैं।

INFLUENZA

Influenza is an acute infectious viral disease, characterised by fever, severe body-ache, coryza, sore throat and severe prostration.

CLINICAL FEATURES

Symptoms

Duration: 7 days.

Onset:

Sudden.

Fever: Moderate to high with chills.

Headache.

Bodyache.

Bone pains.

Profound prostration.

Coryza.

Sore throat.

Cough, with or without expectoration.

Lachrymation.

Anorexia.

Nausea.

Vomiting.

Signs

Face: flushed.

Eyes: congested.

Throat: congested.

Temperature: 38 °C - 41 °C.

Pulse: Relative bradycardia.

COMPLICATIONS

Tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia.

Otitis media.

Post influenzal asthenia.

Post influential depression.

Rare: Post influential demyelinating encephalopathy.

Post influential peripheral neuropathy.

Toxic Cardiomyopathy leading to sudden death.

INVESTIGATIONS

Blood:

TLC: Leucopenia.

PROGNOSIS

Good.

GENERAL MANAGEMENT

Complete bed rest during fever. In elderly patients convalescence may be prolonged. Plenty of fluids should be given to the patient. Well balanced, nutritive and easily digestible diet should be given.

PROPHYLACTIC MEASURES

Immediate:

Isolation. Avoid crowded places during epidemics, like cinema hall, school, etc.

Hygienic disposal of infected secretions.

Long term:

Immunisation.

Improve general health.

MEDICAL TREATMENT

Aconite: Precipitated by exposure to dry cold air, or chilling of body when warm and sweaty. Chilliness. Redness of the face. Pressing headache. Anxiety and restlessness. Skin dry, violent thirst, full bounding pulse. Sweating relieves (Allium cepa) Profuse catarrhal coryza. Sneezing, running nose and irritative cough. Face is swollen and looks inflamed.

Arsenicum album; Copious flow, prostration and paroxysmal coryza. There iz burning copious watery and excoriating secretion. Thirst for a small quantity of water. Acrid coryza dropping from the tip of the nose. Headache; worse from heat, better from cold applications. Better in the warmth of the bed. Great restlessness, anxiety worse at night. Langour and excessive exhaustion.

Belladonna: General dry heat with chills. Little or no thirst. Cold extremities and hot head. Throbbing headache. Eyes red and glistening.

Anaemia during pregnancy,Signs, Symptoms, Treatment

Anaemia During pregnancy

Anaemia is a common condition during pregnancy, affecting around 50% of pregnant women worldwide. It occurs when your body doesn't have enough red blood cells or enough haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body and to your baby. This can lead to various complications for both you and your baby.

Causes of anaemia in pregnancy:

Iron deficiency: This is the most common cause, as your body needs more iron during pregnancy to support the increased blood volume and supply oxygen to your growing baby. Not getting enough iron in your diet or having difficulty absorbing it can lead to iron deficiency anaemia.

Folate deficiency: Folate (vitamin B9) is another essential nutrient for red blood cell production. A lack of folate can contribute to anaemia during pregnancy.

Vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 is also needed for red blood cell production. Deficiency can occur due to dietary restrictions (strict vegetarian or vegan diets) or certain medical conditions.

Other causes: Less common causes include chronic diseases like kidney disease, sickle cell anaemia, or thalassemia, and infections like malaria or HIV.

Symptoms of anaemia in pregnancy:

Management of anaemia in pregnancy:

Management will depend on the cause and severity of your anaemia. Here are some common approaches:

Diet: Focus on eating iron-rich foods like red meat, poultry, fish, dark leafy greens, beans, lentils, nuts, and seeds. Include foods rich in vitamin C, which helps with iron absorption, like citrus fruits, tomatoes, and bell peppers.

Iron supplements: Most pregnant women are advised to take a prenatal vitamin that includes iron, usually 30-60 mg daily. Your doctor may prescribe a higher dose if you have iron deficiency anaemia.

Folate supplements: Most prenatal vitamins also include folic acid, but your doctor may recommend an additional 400 mcg daily, especially if you have a history of folate deficiency.

Vitamin B12 supplements: If you have a vitamin B12 deficiency, you may need injections or sublingual tablets.

Treatment of underlying conditions: If your anaemia is caused by an underlying medical condition, treating that condition is essential to resolve the anaemia.

Preventing anaemia in pregnancy:

·       Start taking a prenatal vitamin with iron and folic acid before you become pregnant.

·       Eat a healthy diet rich in iron, vitamin C, and folate.

·       Get regular blood tests to monitor your iron levels.

·       If you have any risk factors for anaemia, talk to your doctor about preventive measures.

Complications of untreated anaemia in pregnancy:

Heart Blockage में क्या खाएं और क्या नहीं

Heart Blockage में क्या खाएं और क्या न खाएं

हृदय ब्लॉकेज में क्या खाएं फैटी फिश: साल्मन, टूना, मैकेरल जैसी फैटी फिश में ओमेगा-3 फैटी एसिड होता है जो हृदय को स्वस्थ रखने के लिए बहुत जरूरी है। यह धमनियों में वसा जमने से रोकता है, जिससे ब्लॉकेज और हार्ट अटैक का खतरा कम होता है।

• हरी पत्तेदार सब्जियां: पालक, केल, अरुगुला जैसी हरी पत्तेदार सब्जियों में विटामिन, मिनरल्स और नाइट्रेट्स होते हैं जो ब्लड प्रेशर को नियंत्रित करने और रक्त वाहिकाओं के कार्य को बेहतर बनाने में मदद करते हैं।
  
  
  

• साबुत अनाज: ओट्स, ब्राउन राइस, क्विनोआ जैसी साबुत अनाज फाइबर और एंटीऑक्सीडेंट से भरपूर होते हैं जो कोलेस्ट्रॉल को कम करने और ब्लड शुगर नियंत्रण में सुधार करने में मदद करते हैं।

• नट्स और बीज: बादाम, अखरोट, फ्लैक्स सीड्स जैसी नट्स और बीज फाइबर, हेल्दी फैट्स और मिनरल्स के अच्छे स्रोत हैं जो कोलेस्ट्रॉल को कम करने और धमनियों की रक्षा करने में मदद करते हैं।

• फल: स्ट्रॉबेरी, ब्लूबेरी, रास्पबेरी जैसे फल कम कैलोरी वाले होते हैं और एंटीऑक्सीडेंट से भरपूर होते हैं जो कोशिकाओं को नुकसान से बचाते हैं और सूजन को कम करते हैं।

• एवोकाडो: एवोकाडो में हेल्दी मोनोअनसैचुरेटेड फैट्स, पोटेशियम और फाइबर होते हैं जो ब्लड कोलेस्ट्रॉल के स्तर में सुधार करने और आपको लंबे समय तक तृप्त रखने में मदद करते हैं।

• जैतून का तेल: जैतून का तेल मोनोअनसैचुरेटेड फैट्स और एंटीऑक्सीडेंट से भरपूर होता है जो सूजन को कम करता है और रक्त वाहिकाओं की रक्षा करता है।

• टमाटर: टमाटर में लाइकोपीन होता है जो खराब कोलेस्ट्रॉल को कम करने और हृदय कोशिकाओं की रक्षा करने में मदद करता है।

• बीन्स और दाल: बीन्स और दाल प्लांट-बेस्ड प्रोटीन, फाइबर और खनिजों के उत्कृष्ट स्रोत हैं जो कोलेस्ट्रॉल को कम करने और आपको लंबे समय तक तृप्त रखने में मदद करते हैं

• डार्क चॉकलेट (70% कोको या उससे अधिक): डार्क चॉकलेट में फ्लेवोनॉइड होते हैं जो ब्लड फ्लो में सुधार करते हैं और सूजन को कम करते हैं। एक छोटा वर्ग दैनिक रूप से आनंद लें, लेकिन याद रखें, मॉडरेशन की कुंजी है।

हृदय ब्लॉकेज में क्या न खाएं प्रसंस्कृत खाद्य पदार्थ: प्रसंस्कृत खाद्य पदार्थ अक्सर शुगर, नमक और अस्वास्थ्यकर वसा से भरपूर होते हैं, जो हृदय स्वास्थ्य के लिए हानिकारक हो सकते हैं।
चीनी युक्त पेय: चीनी युक्त पेय जैसे सोडा, जूस और स्पोर्ट्स ड्रिंक ब्लड शुगर के स्तर को बढ़ा सकते हैं और हृदय रोग के जोखिम को बढ़ा सकते हैं।

अस्वस्थ वसा: संतृप्त वसा और ट्रांस वसा दोनों हृदय रोग के जोखिम को बढ़ा सकते हैं। संतृप्त वसा वाले खाद्य पदार्थों में लाल मांस, पूरे वसा वाले डेयरी उत्पाद और कुछ तेल शामिल हैं। ट्रांस वसा वाले खाद्य पदार्थों में पके हुए खाद्य पदार्थ, पैकेज्ड स्नैक्स और कुछ तेल शामिल हैं।
अतिरिक्त नमक: अतिरिक्त नमक रक्तचाप बढ़ा सकता है!

Top 10 Heart Healthy Foods | Heart healthy Diet | Heart healthy meals | ...

Top 10 Heart-Healthy Foods

Fatty Fish (Salmon, Tuna, Mackerel): 

Rich in Omega-3s, these fish lower blood pressure, improve blood flow, and reduce inflammation. Aim for 2 servings (4oz each) per week.

Leafy Greens (Spinach, Kale, Arugula): 

Packed with vitamins, minerals, and nitrates, they regulate blood pressure and improve blood vessel function. Add them to salads, smoothies, or stir-fries.

Whole Grains (Oats, Brown Rice, Quinoa): 

High in fiber and antioxidants, they lower cholesterol and improve blood sugar control. 

Opt for whole grain versions in breads, cereals, and side dishes.

Nuts and Seeds (Walnuts, Almonds, Flaxseeds): 

Great sources of fiber, healthy fats, and minerals, they lower cholesterol and protect arteries. 

Enjoy a small handful as a snack or sprinkle them on meals.Berries (Strawberries, Blueberries, Raspberries): Low in calories and packed with antioxidants, they protect cells from damage and reduce inflammation. Include them in your morning yogurt, cereal, or enjoy them fresh as a snack.

Avocados: Rich in healthy monounsaturated fats, potassium, and fiber, they improve blood cholesterol levels and keep you feeling full. Mash them on toast, add them to salads, or make guacamole.

Olive Oil: This liquid gold is high in monounsaturated fats and antioxidants, reducing inflammation and protecting blood vessels. Use it for drizzling, dressings, or light cooking.Tomatoes: 

Lycopene in tomatoes reduces bad cholesterol and protects heart cells. Enjoy them fresh, cooked in sauces, or in tomato-based dishes.

Beans and Lentils: Excellent sources of plant-based protein, fiber, and minerals, they lower cholesterol and keep you feeling full. Add them to soups, stews, or salads.

Dark Chocolate (70% cocoa or higher): Contains flavonoids that improve blood flow and reduce inflammation. Enjoy a small square daily, but remember, moderation is key.

Diabetic Foot Care

Diabetes is a condition that makes it difficult for our bodies to process food and produce insulin, increasing the level of sugar we have in our blood. These changes to our blood make it difficult for blood to get to certain extremities, especially our feet.

Without the nutrients that blood supplies, you may experience pain, difficulty walking, or other sensations like numbness, burning, or tingling; this is often called “diabetic neuropathy.”. In the most serious cases, amputation may be required.

A diabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to infection, gangrene, and even amputation. It is caused by nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor blood circulation, both of which are common in people with diabetes

Symptoms of a diabetic foot can include:

Here are some tips for preventing diabetic foot problems:

Treatments

Professional Treatment

The American Diabetes Association recommends an annual foot exam with a foot specialist if you suffer from diabetes. Doctors who specialize in diabetic foot care can help you manage your diabetes and prevent foot pain from arising or escalating.

Your doctor may prescribe medications and special shoes and encourage a healthy diet and exercise, as well as examining your feet regularly to monitor progress. In this exam, the doctor may use special tools to check the sensitivity of your feet. The doctor may also order imaging tests to see the condition of your foot bones. Foot exams help detect foot problems early on when they are easier to treat.

Don’t hesitate to consult with your doctor if you notice anything unusual, such as a sore or other injury that won’t heal or that looks infected. You should also talk to your doctor if you need a growth, such as a corn or callus, removed. Your doctor may also be able to help with nerve pain associated with diabetes.

Self-treatment

You can take an active role in managing your diabetes and feet by following a few simple tips:
Diabetic shoes: First, wear diabetes-friendly shoes. Choose comfortable, close-toed shoes and slippers with sturdy soles that support and protect your feet. Resist the urge to go barefoot, even when walking around inside your house. Shoes can help relieve pressure on your feet and protect them from further injury.
Make sure that your diabetic shoes are roomy enough that you can wiggle your toes without rubbing or pinching, but not so big that your feet slip. Also, choose sense over style. Don’t wear plastic shoes, flip-flops, high heels, or pointy-toed shoes. When appropriate, wear good, thick, clean socks to prevent blisters.
 
Foot care: Because you might not have normal sensations or feelings you should examine your feet daily. Keep your feet clean and soft by examining them every day and applying ointments as needed. Daily foot care is the best way to prevent problems — or to catch problems early before they become serious. Wash your feet each day using warm water, drying them carefully afterward. When washing your feet, stick to water or gentle cleansers, don’t use any harsh chemicals.
Keep an eye on any cuts, scratches, blisters, calluses, or corns, and if you see any have your doctor take a look. Use unscented lotion or Vaseline to keep your feet soft and smooth. However, do not put lotion 

Anaemia During pregnancy

Anaemia is a common condition during pregnancy, affecting around 50% of pregnant women worldwide. It occurs when your body doesn't have enough red blood cells or enough haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body and to your baby. This can lead to various complications for both you and your baby.

Causes of anaemia in pregnancy:

Iron deficiency: This is the most common cause, as your body needs more iron during pregnancy to support the increased blood volume and supply oxygen to your growing baby. Not getting enough iron in your diet or having difficulty absorbing it can lead to iron deficiency anaemia.

Folate deficiency: Folate (vitamin B9) is another essential nutrient for red blood cell production. A lack of folate can contribute to anaemia during pregnancy.

Vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 is also needed for red blood cell production. Deficiency can occur due to dietary restrictions (strict vegetarian or vegan diets) or certain medical conditions.

Other causes: Less common causes include chronic diseases like kidney disease, sickle cell anaemia, or thalassemia, and infections like malaria or HIV.

Symptoms of anaemia in pregnancy:

Management of anaemia in prhttps://www.vitalhealthcare.site/egnancy:

Management will depend on the cause and severity of your anaemia. Here are some common approaches:

Diet: Focus on eating iron-rich foods like red meat, poultry, fish, dark leafy greens, beans, lentils, nuts, and seeds. Include foods rich in vitamin C, which helps with iron absorption, like citrus fruits, tomatoes, and bell peppers.

Iron supplements: Most pregnant women are advised to take a prenatal vitamin that includes iron, usually 30-60 mg daily. Your doctor may prescribe a higher dose if you have iron deficiency anaemia.

Folate supplements: Most prenatal vitamins also include folic acid, but your doctor may recommend an additional 400 mcg daily, especially if you have a history of folate deficiency.

Vitamin B12 supplements: If you have a vitamin B12 deficiency, you may need injections or sublingual tablets.

Treatment of underlying conditions: If your anaemia is caused by an underlying medical condition, treating that condition is essential to resolve the anaemia.

Preventing anaemia in pregnancy:

·       Start taking a prenatal vitamin with iron and folic acid before you become pregnant.

·       Eat a healthy diet rich in iron, vitamin C, and folate.

·       Get regular blood tests to monitor your iron levels.

·       If you have any risk factors for anaemia, talk to your doctor about preventive measures.

Complications of untreated anaemia in pregnancy:

Health Problems of old age

Old age comes with its own set of challenges, which can vary greatly depending on the individual and their circumstances. However, some common problems faced by many older adults include:

Physical Health:






Chronic conditions: Age increases the risk of developing conditions like arthritis, heart disease, diabetes, and dementia. Managing these conditions can be physically and emotionally demanding.

Loss of mobility and independence: Decreased muscle strength, flexibility, and vision can make everyday tasks difficult, leading to a loss of independence and increased reliance on others.

Falls and injuries: Older adults are more prone to falls, which can lead to serious injuries and a fear of falling, further limiting mobility.

Sensory decline: Hearing loss and vision impairment can isolate individuals and make communication and daily activities challenging.
Common Cardiovascular Issues in Older Adults




Coronary artery disease (CAD): Narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the heart, increasing the risk of heart attack and angina.
Heart failure: The heart weakens and cannot pump blood effectively, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling.
Stroke: A blood clot blocks or bursts in a blood vessel in the brain, causing damage and potential disability.
Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms can lead to palpitations, dizziness, and even fainting.
Atrial fibrillation (AFib): A type of arrhythmia with irregular heartbeats, increasing the risk of stroke and heart failure.



Symptoms to Watch Out For:

Chest pain, tightness, or discomfort

Shortness of breath

Fatigue and weakness

Dizziness or lightheadedness

Palpitations or irregular heartbeat

Swelling in the legs or ankles

Confusion or memory problems



Management and Prevention:

Regular checkups and screenings: Early detection and management of risk factors are crucial.
Healthy lifestyle habits: Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and managing stress are key.
Medication: Depending on the condition, medications may be prescribed to control blood pressure, cholesterol, or heart rhythm.
Healthy aging practices: Maintaining social connections, staying mentally active, and getting enough sleep are important for overall health


nervous system problems in an old person




Stroke: A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including sudden weakness, paralysis, difficulty speaking, and vision problems.
Dementia: Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive function that is severe enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, but there are many other causes as well. Symptoms of dementia can include memory loss, confusion, difficulty thinking, and personality changes.
Parkinson's disease: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the movement of the body. Symptoms include tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and balance problems.
Peripheral neuropathy: Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that causes damage to the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. This can lead to numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the hands and feet.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus: Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a condition that occurs when cerebrospinal fluid, the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, builds up too much. This can lead to dementia-like symptoms, such as memory loss, difficulty walking, and urinary incontinence.


Mental and Emotional Health:

Social isolation and loneliness: Retirement, loss of loved ones, and physical limitations can lead to decreased social interaction and feelings of loneliness.
Depression and anxiety: These mental health conditions are more common in older adults, often due to chronic health conditions, social isolation, and financial worries.
Cognitive decline: While not everyone experiences significant cognitive decline in old age, some may develop mild cognitive impairment or dementia, impacting memory, thinking, and daily functioning.



Financial Concerns:

Retirement income: Fixed incomes and rising costs of living can make it difficult for older adults to make ends meet.

Healthcare costs: Medical expenses can be a significant burden, especially for those with chronic health conditions.



Long-term care needs: Depending on their health, some older adults may need assisted living or nursing home care, which can be expensive.

Coping with chronic pain

 Chronic pain can be a debilitating condition that can affect every aspect of your life. It can make it difficult to work, sleep, and enjoy activities that you once loved. However, there are things you can do to cope with chronic pain and live a fulfilling life.

Here are some tips for coping with chronic pain:

Educate yourself about your condition. The more you know about your pain, the better you will be able to manage it. Talk to your doctor and ask questions. There are also many resources available online and in libraries.

Set realistic goals. Don't try to do too much too soon. Start with small goals and gradually increase them as you are able.

Find a pain management plan that works for you. There are many different treatment options available, so it is important to find one that works for you. This may include medication, physical therapy, massage therapy, or acupuncture.

Pace yourself. Don't overdo it. Break up your activities into smaller chunks and take breaks as needed.

Learn relaxation techniques. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can help to reduce stress and pain.

Get enough sleep. When you are well-rested, you are better able to cope with pain. Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep each night.

Eat a healthy diet. Eating healthy foods can help to improve your overall health and well-being.

Exercise regularly. Exercise can help to improve your mood, reduce pain, and increase your energy levels. Talk to your doctor about what type of exercise is right for you.

Join a support group. Talking to other people who understand what you are going through can be very helpful. There are many support groups available online and in your community.

Don't give up. Coping with chronic pain can be challenging, but it is important not to give up. There are many resources available to help you, and you can live a fulfilling life with chronic pain.

If you are struggling to cope with chronic pain, please reach out to your doctor or a mental health professional for help.

Mental Health Therapy

Mental Health Therapy: A Comprehensive Guide

Mental health therapy, also known as psychotherapy or talk therapy, is a form of treatment that helps individuals improve their mental and emotional well-being. It involves working with a trained therapist to explore thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and develop strategies for coping with challenges and improving overall mental health.

Why Seek Mental Health Therapy? 

 Mental health therapy can be beneficial for a wide range of individuals, regardless of their age, background, or mental health status. Some of the common reasons people seek therapy include:

Types of Mental Health Therapy

There are various approaches to mental health therapy, each with its own theoretical framework and techniques. Some of the most common types of therapy include:

What to Expect in Therapy

The first step in seeking mental health therapy is to find a therapist who is a good fit for your needs. This may involve considering factors such as the therapist's specialty, experience, and approach to therapy.

During the initial session, the therapist will ask

questions about your history, symptoms, and goals for therapy. They will also explain their approach to therapy and the frequency and duration of sessions

Therapy sessions typically last 50-60 minutes and take place once a week. However, the frequency and duration of sessions can vary depending on individual needs and progress

Benefits of Mental Health Therapy

Mental health therapy can offer a range of benefits, including:

Finding a Therapist

There are several ways to find a therapist, including

Conclusion

Mental health therapy is a valuable tool for improving mental and emotional well-being. If you are considering seeking therapy, it is important to find a therapist who is a good fit for your needs and to be patient with the process. With commitment and dedication, therapy can help you achieve your goals and live a happier, healthier life.

Disease by cold in children

Disease of cold in kids

Children are particularly susceptible to colds due to their developing immune systems and frequent exposure to germs. Most colds are caused by viruses and usually resolve within a week without any specific treatment. However, some potential complications can arise from colds in children, and it's important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of these complications.

Ear infections

are one of the most common complications of colds in children. They occur when bacteria or viruses from the nose or throat travel to the middle ear, causing inflammation and fluid buildup. Symptoms of an ear infection include ear pain, fever, fussiness, and difficulty sleeping.

Sinusitis

Sinusitis is another common complication of colds in children. It occurs when the sinuses, the air-filled spaces behind the bones of the face, become inflamed and filled with mucus. Symptoms of sinusitis include a runny or stuffy nose, facial pain or pressure, and post-nasal drip.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a less common complication of colds in children, but it can be serious. It occurs when the lungs become infected with bacteria or viruses, causing inflammation and fluid buildup. Symptoms of pneumonia include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing.


Bronchitis

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to the lungs. It can be caused by a cold or other viral infection. Symptoms of bronchitis include a cough, often with mucus, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

In most cases, colds in children do not require medical attention. However, it's important to see a doctor if your child has any of the following symptoms: High fever (over 102 degrees Fahrenheit)
Difficulty breathing
Ear pain or fluid draining from the ear
Thick green or yellow mucus from the nose
Vomiting or diarrhea
Cough that lasts more than a week

Other complications: Other less common complications of the common cold in children include bronchiectasis, a condition characterized by a permanent widening of the bronchi, and otitis media, an infection of the middle ear.

Preventing complications: There are a few things that parents can do to help prevent complications of the common cold in children. These include:
Encouraging hand washing: Hand washing is one of the best ways to prevent the spread of germs, including the viruses that cause colds.
Encouraging a healthy diet: Eating a healthy diet and getting enough fluids can help to boost the immune system and fight off infections.
Getting enough sleep: Sleep is essential for the immune system to function properly.
Avoiding secondhand smoke: Secondhand smoke can weaken the immune system and make it more difficult for children to fight off infections.





A doctor can diagnose and treat any complications of a cold and provide advice on how to manage your child's symptoms.

While the common cold is usually a mild and self-limiting illness, it can sometimes lead to complications in children. These complications are more likely to occur in infants and young children, children with weakened immune systems, and children with chronic health conditions such as asthma or cystic fibrosis.


Prevention

The best way to prevent colds in children is to wash hands frequently with soap and water, especially after being around sick people. It's also important to avoid sharing personal items, such as utensils, cups, and toys, with sick people.
Note-You can also help your child's immune system fight off colds by getting them plenty of rest and fluids. Providing a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables can also help support their immune system.

Community Health

Community health is the overall health status of a population living in a defined geographic area. It encompasses the physical, mental, and social well-being of individuals and the overall health of the community as a whole. Community health is influenced by a variety of factors, including individual behaviors, social determinants of health, and environmental factors.

alt attribute





Key elements of community health

Physical health: This refers to the physical well-being of individuals in the community, including their general health status, prevalence of chronic diseases, and access to healthcare services.


Mental health: This refers to the mental and emotional well-being of individuals in the community, including their ability to cope with stress, maintain positive relationships, and function effectively in their daily lives.


Social determinants of health: These are the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence individual and community health. Examples include access to education, employment, and housing, as well as factors such as poverty, racism, and violence.


Environmental factors: These include the physical and social environment in which people live, such as air quality, water quality, and access to safe and healthy food.

Importance of community health

Community health is important for several reasons:

Improved individual health: Healthy communities have individuals who are more likely to have good physical and mental health.


Reduced healthcare costs: Healthy communities have lower rates of chronic diseases, which can lead to reduced healthcare costs.


Increased productivity: Healthy communities have individuals who are more likely to be productive and engaged in their work and communities.


Enhanced social cohesion: Healthy communities have individuals who are more likely to be connected to their neighbors and community, which can lead to reduced crime and social problems.

Approaches to improving community health

There are a variety of approaches to improving community health, including:

Promoting healthy behaviors: This includes educating individuals about healthy eating, and physical activity, and avoiding harmful behaviors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.


Addressing social determinants of health: This includes working to reduce poverty, improve access to education and employment, and create safe and healthy communities.


Enhancing access to healthcare services: This includes ensuring that everyone has access to affordable and quality healthcare services.


Addressing environmental factors: This includes working to improve air and water quality and promote access to safe and healthy food.
Community health is a complex issue that requires a multi-faceted approach. By working together, individuals, communities, and governments can make a significant difference in improving the health of everyone in the community.

how to prevent asthma attacks without inhaler

how to prevent asthma attacks without an inhaler 

to prevent asthma

While inhalers are the most effective way to prevent and treat asthma attacks, there are several other things you can do to reduce your risk of having an attack and manage your symptoms without relying solely on medication. Here are some tips:

Identify and avoid your triggers:

The first step to preventing asthma attacks is to identify your triggers, which are the substances or situations that cause your airways to narrow and make it difficult to breathe. Common triggers include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold, cold air, exercise, smoke, and certain chemicals. Once you know your triggers, you can take steps to avoid them or minimize your exposure to them.

Manage your environment:

Make your home a haven for asthma-free breathing. Regularly clean your home to remove dust mites, mold, and other allergens. Use a vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter, and wash bedding in hot water at least once a week. If you have pets, bathe them regularly to reduce pet dander.

Control indoor humidity:

Aim for indoor humidity levels between 30 and 50%. Dry air can irritate your airways and make asthma symptoms worse. Use a humidifier or dehumidifier to maintain proper humidity levels in your home.

Practice breathing techniques:

Learning diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing can help you control your breathing during an asthma attack and make it easier to get oxygen into your lungs.

Stay hydrated:

Drinking plenty of fluids helps thin mucus and makes it easier to cough up. Aim to drink eight glasses of water per day, or more if you are exercising or sweating.

Manage stress:

Stress can worsen asthma symptoms. Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as yoga, meditation, or spending time in nature.

Get regular exercise:

Regular exercise can improve lung function and reduce the severity of asthma symptoms. Talk to your doctor about what type of exercise is right for you.

Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of asthma attacks. Losing even a small amount of weight can improve asthma control.

Stick to your asthma action plan:

Your doctor should have created an asthma action plan for you. This plan outlines what you should do to prevent asthma attacks and how to manage your symptoms if you do have an attack. Review your action plan regularly and make sure you have all the medications and supplies you need.

Don't smoke:

Smoking is a major trigger for asthma attacks and can worsen asthma symptoms. If you smoke, quitting is the best thing you can do for your health.

Get regular checkups:

See your doctor regularly to monitor your asthma and adjust your treatment plan as needed.

Remember, these are just general tips, and what works for one person may not work for another. It is important to talk to your doctor about the best ways to prevent and manage your asthma.

How to Treating pneumonia in babies

 Treating pneumonia in babies

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can cause inflammation and fluid buildup in the air sacs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pneumonia can be a serious illness, especially for babies and young children.

Symptoms of pneumonia in babies can vary, but they may include:

When to see a doctor

If you think your baby may have pneumonia, it is important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications.

Treatment for pneumonia in babies 

Treatment for pneumonia in babies will depend on the cause of the infection.

Bacterial pneumonia: babies with bacterial pneumonia will be treated with antibiotics.

Viral pneumonia: there is no specific treatment for viral pneumonia. However, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter medications to help relieve symptoms.

Fungal pneumonia: babies with fungal pneumonia will be treated with antifungal medications.

In addition to medication, your doctor may recommend other treatments to help your baby feel better, such as:

There are several things you can do to help prevent pneumonia in your baby, including:

When to call 

If your baby is having any of the following symptoms, right

Conclusion

Pneumonia can be a serious illness for babies, but it is treatable. If you think your baby may have pneumonia, it is important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications. You can also help prevent pneumonia in your baby by breastfeeding, getting them vaccinated, and washing your hands frequently.